Ofcom is the communications regulator. They regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, postal services, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate. They are the people you contact if you don't like something you see on television for example.
The PCC is an independent body which administers the system of self-regulation for the press. It mainly deals with complaints, framed within the terms of the Editors' Code of Practice, about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines and the conduct of journalists.
The ASA is here to make sure all advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful. They are independent of both the Government and the advertising industry and they are recognised by the Government, the courts and other regulators such as the Office of Fair Trading and Ofcom as the body to deal with complaints about advertising.
The British Board of Film Classification is an independent, non-governmental body which has classified cinema films since it was set up in 1912 and videos/ DVDs since the Video Recordings Act was passed in 1984.
Legal
Copy-right is the exclusive legal right, given to an originator to print, publish, perform or film.
Performing rights are the right to perform music in public. It is part of copyright law and demands payment to the music’s composerly
Royalties are amount of money which actors and actresses would get paid for appearing in a show that screened to the public.
Libel is a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.
Equal opportunities are the policy of treating employees and others without discrimination, esp. on the basis of their sex, race, or age.
The Broadcasting Act is an Act respecting broadcasting and to amend certain Acts in relation thereto.
Ethical
Accuracy is making sure the information is precise.
Offensive Materials are agreed not to transmit, disseminate, sell, store or host material that is unlawful.
Sensationalism is the use of exciting or shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy.
Chequebook journalism is the form of journalism where the essential characteristic is that the journalist pays the subject of the work money for the right to publish his story.
Privacy is the state or condition of being free from being observed or disturbed by other people.
Representation is the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so represented.
Censorship is the practice of officially examining books, movies, etc., and suppressing unacceptable parts.
Public right to know means that the public deserve to know what is happening in the certain situation.
OFCOM Letter
Dear OFCOM,
I am writing to aware you of a episode on coronation street where the character 'Owen Armstrong' played by Ian Puleston-Davies physically hit 'Faye Windass' played by Ellie Leach. I feel that this is very inappropriate material to be shown on the programme because there was a law that was put down in 2005 were parents were not aloud to hit someone else's child unless it does not leave a mark. This was a very bad thing to show on the television because they could have given an idea of Faye getting hit by Owen without showing the actually abuse happening. This is also a bad thing to show on the programme because there could be children watching this which isn't good for their eyes to see this and for them to maybe think that it is ok to see this happen. This is a picture of the evidence of Faye getting hit by Owen.
Public ownership group- Owned by the people. Example: BBC
Money comes from the government or council.
Private ownership group- Media group. Example: Virgin
Own many titles.
Independent ownership group- The owners only owe one shop. Example: Most newsagents and WHSmith-private company.
Daily Mirror
1. Trinity mirror
2. Private
3. International
4. Yes, it is multicultural because it can be bought abroad.
5. No, they get financed for being on the site.
The Times
1. News coroporation
2. Private
3. National
4. Not multinational
5. No, they get finance for being on the site.
London Evening Standard
1. Alexender Lebedev, Daily Mail and General Trust.
2. Private
3. Regional
4. Not multinational
5. Get finance from advertising
Older Episodes
The older episodes had more of white people than any other race because there wasn't as much races in the realistic than just mainly white people. In this era there was more of working class people because of the sort of money people were earning in that era wasn't good which caused people to be put in the group of working class people. The people were older such as middled aged people because in the episodes there wasn't very young people which cause the audience to be a older age group because there was only old people in the episodes. The woman weren't treated as well as they are now because it was shown in a man's point of view which was good but it would be seen as sexism now because everyone is equal. In this era the main situation which would cause conflict between people would be that a man and woman would live together but they wouldn't be married which would have caused conflict.
A episode that is a bit newer
The episodes that were newer were more questioning of the genders seeing who's position was more important and was more in charge or equal. In this era the men were more dominate in the society because the men were to be said as the more able and hard working gender because they said that the men were the workers while the women had to stay at home while they did all the cleaning and that.
Newer episodes
The era of this was more accepting because they had people that for example came out from being gay and weren't scared of what people thought and that they could be equal to every because they were homosexual. The stereotypical view on homosexuals are that they want everything clean and are just like big children because they seem like they are just childish and always wanting to have fun which isn't correct because some homosexuals are the opposite. There was a lot of active and passive reception to people with coronation street because people either watched the programme or had it just playing in background.
Newest episode
In the newest episodes they have changed from scenes that have only had white people in them because of the era they were in a era where there was more white people in the community but it has has a change in ethnic diversity and is more of a multi-cultural society now because the show have changed it to be more realistic and because in England and the cities of England there are many different cultures, so because coronation street want more people to watch it then they have changed it to be more realistic so that it appeals to everyone. The era of the episodes also show that women are more dependent and can do what they want because in this era of the society men and women are equal unlike 50 years ago.
Trends in consumptions are when something is wanted by the public because they are wanted and the trend of the thing is increasing. One example of this is the trend of explosions which loads of the soaps started to do because explosions were demanded by the audience which caused them to put in more explosions but after a while this would cause the explosions to get boring and then the trend would be something else for example more realistic situations which would be the trend now. They would make a new trend so that the latest demand would make the ratings go high.
Influence on individuals/mass audiences
The influence on individuals would be for example teenagers are seen as people with hoodies on and are seen to be chavs and because from television programmes they portray teenagers as chavs which would have an affect on teenagers because if they are seen as chavs they might think they are. Mass audiences would be affected by representation because certain groups would been seen as something their not. For example posh people are seen as being stuck up and ignorant which has made the television soaps made posh people seem as stuck up when there are people who are posh but aren't.
Iconography in text shows the genre codes of narrative, characterization, themes and setting- a familiar stock of images or motifs, the connotations of which have become fixed; the visual things that are included are decor, costume and objects, certain 'typecast' performers, familiar patterns of dialogue, characters sound and music, and appropriate physical topography. Social realist who make films have used the term iconography of narrow streets lined with tiny urban dwellings in establishing shots of northern industrial towns to show economic hardship.
A french man called Roland Barthes introduced the concept of anchorage. Linguistic elements in a text (such as a caption) the preferred readings of an image (conversely the illustrative use of an image can anchor an ambiguous verbal text,
Denotation is defined as literal, obvious or commonsense meaning of a sign. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. So the linguistic sign " Ferrari" on an f450 spider denotate an Italian road car made by the makers Ferrari. The word connotation is used to refer to the socio-cultural and personal associations of a sign. These are typically related to the interpreter's class, ages, gender and ethnicity. The word Ferrari would conotate high economic status and middle age because the people we see with the people you see having the cars and also the price of them. The signs are more open to interpretation in their conotation than their denotation.
Signfied(signifie): For Saussure, the sigmfier was one part of the sign. Saussure's signified is the mental concept represented by the signfier. Signfiers (signifiant): For Saussure, this was the other part of the sign. In the Saussurean tradition, the signfied is the form which a sign takes. Ferdinand Saussure proposed that a word or sign links a concept (signfied) with a sound or image (signfier). There relationship between the signfier and signfied is arbitrary. Words or signs are merely arbitrary man-made concepts sighnfiers on their own mean nothing. A sigh only has meaning as a part of a system. The meaning of words or signs emerges out of the differences that set them apart from other signs within the overarching system/structure. Modern semiotics involves the study not only of what we refer to as signs in everyday speech, but of anything which stands for something else. In a semiotic sense, signs take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Comtemporay semioticians study signs not in isolation but as part of semiotic sign systems. They study how meaning are made: as such, being concerbed not only with comminication but also with the construction but also with the construction and maintenance of reality. Semiotics and that branch of linguistics known as semantics have a common concern with the meaning of signs, but whereas semantics focuses on what words mean, semiotics is concerned with how signs mean.
Choice of fonts
The choice of fonts is important because it can show if the newspaper is more professional and is more classy because we can see from newspapers if they have fonts that look messy then the overall newspaper would get a bad view.
We can see from The Independent that it is presented really well and the font chose that they used looks very professional because it looks intellectual which makes the whole newspaper look very well presented. The type of font they have used makes the editor of the newspaper look like he has made the newspaper which a lot of hard work has been put into it which is all shown by just the font.
This picture shows The Sun newspaper which is a different newspaper compared to The Independent because the sort of font that is used on this picture is more just casual font which makes the newspaper look more casual and not as much professional as The Independent which isn't a bad thing but more people would look at The Sun and say that it looks unprofessional which because of the use of slang words etc and wouldn't pick this over The Independent because they would feel that The Suns information would be less accurate compared to The Independent.
This is why it is important to make sure you present your work well and to make sure that the font you are using is professional looking so that you would be seen as a good newspaper company.
Theme Music and Music Beds
This is a clip of the old Coronation street theme tune which has the involvement of instruments such as the trumpet, saxophone and also these sorts of instruments which makes the theme music sound more dull and makes the music sound upsetting in a slow tune with thick sounds because in those days they didn't have instruments that were that up to date, they didn't have things that would have made it more exciting and appealing just quite boring to the public. This gave a boring look to the actual programme.
This is a clip of the end of the show which plays the theme tune at the end which has developed a lot from the older theme tune. They haven't change the actual tune, they have just changed the musical instruments and given it a better beat which has lifted the mood of the programme because they have made it more technical and because it's more modern it makes the public get attracted to it more which is good because it's new and it should be modernised and made better because there is facilities that can do that so why not change it.
Overall the change of the theme tune has changed because of the technology change since the beginning of coronation street. The theme tune is really important for the beginning of a programme because if someone has never seen the show before the theme tune would be the first thing they hear so it needs to be appealing to the audience so they would stay and watch it and not think its dull then watch something else. So changing the theme tune to more modern was a good idea from the theme tune producer to update it.
Choice of camera angles
This is a source from the sun which shows the whole incident with Chelsea vs Tottenham which is mainly aimed at the referee thinking that goal was a goal where clearly we can see from the photograph that it didn't go in.
We can see in this picture that the ball didn't go in but from some people's view they think that the ball did go over the line. This picture that the press got of the photographer caused them to talk about the whole situation of the ball not actually going in but inconsideration people think it went in when they watched it live and people think it didn't.
In this camera angle we can see that the ball didn't cross the line which brings the whole meaning of the goal actually not going in which gave the discussion of the goal being allowed or not.
In this camera angle we can see that the ball went in the net which would be classed as a goal and because there was so many pictures from different angles people didn't know if the goal was a goal or the referee got the wrong decision so people still have their opinions but people who support Chelsea of course would class this as a goal but other fans wouldn't.
Cropping
Cropping is when you get a picture and if it is too big and you needs to make it smaller or even get a certain part of the picture without the surroundings you would use crop which helps you cut the picture. The picture would be cropped so that they get a certain part of the main picture.
Sizing
Sizing would be changing the size of the photo for example when you have a picture and its bigger than the original picture then it will be more eye catching than a really small picture because when its big and you walk past it, it would catch your eyes.
Use of captions
The use of captions are good to have with a picture because the way that some people would look at a picture they might not have a clue on what the picture is about, which makes the caption useful because the people would be able to know about the picture and know the meaning of the picture. The caption would have the information about the picture with also talking about the meaning of the picture.
Use of stars
Stars are people who are famous such as celebrities which are good at doing what they do. In this stars would be a very big influence on a soap if a big actor came to a soap which would help the views of the show increase if a well known actor/actress joins a soap or any programme. For example with a programme that have done this is 'Friends' which have brought many famous actors and actresses which have brought many viewers to the show because it would have a good effect on the show. For example with Friends they have featured such famous actors and actresses such as Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Bruce Willis, Reese Witherspoon, Julia Roberts and Anna Faris. These actors and actresses would bring many viewers to watch Friends because for example George Clooney is loved for his good looks and loved by the women, so the women would want to watch him in Friends because hes a good actor and people would want to watch him. A actress that has been good for Friends would be Anna Faris because she is known for being the simple and stupid woman off scary movie and because she is the main character of them movies, then people would want to see how she will be in Friends which will get the scary movie fans to watch Friends. We can see from these actors and actresses that it has increased the Friends viewers because more people have followed the favourite actors which has lead them to watch the programmes they have been in.
Soap conventions. The conventions for a soap that will be expected to be in soap episodes, these are subjects that are seen on the soaps:
Pub
Murder
Theme Tunes
Cliff Hangers
Village/Town
Villain and Hero
Affairs
Dramatic Irony
Violence
Soap Codes
There are codes that are in soaps to bring feeling to the audience which are in the categories Camera shots, Editing, Sound and Mise-en-Scene. The one i am going to be talking about which will bring tension to the soap is crosscutting which is under editing. This is when the editor will cut one scene and switch to the next scene to bring tension. So for example two people would be talk about how they are going to hide the dead body and before they say where they are going to put it, they then switch to another scene to make us want to know what they were going to say. So that brought tension because we want to know what they are going to do with the body.
Elements in media to create meaning
There are many elements that would bring a meaning into the media such as colour, language, text, music, images, sound effects, performers, costumes, props and mise-en-scene.
Colour would be used to bring attraction to the media product or what they are showing to people. The thing with colours is that you can either use bright and attractive colours or dark and dull colours, this would bring an effect to the people who are looking at the media product or service. If using dark and dull colours it would bring a boring and negative to the media. They would use bright colours to show happiness and joy compared to dark colours are used for sadness and to give a negative effect to media.
Language is the way they speak for example if they are speaking more formally or slangy which can make people decide if they want to read or watch the media that has been set in either language. Formal would be more information and more facts while slangy would be more shorten and aimed at more street words. The formal would be for adults and people that what more adult situations, then slangy media would be aimed at teenagers because they feel that it relates to them which gets them interested for example dramas like 'TOP BOY' compared to formal films such as 'The Kings Speech'.
Text is usually used in print formats such as newspapers and magazines, the way that it is set out is either formal text and more slangy text. Formal text would be used in such newspapers such as 'The Independent' which is more formal and they are for people that what more sophisticated words and sentences compared to the 'The Sun' which consists of more common words and aimed at more common people.
Music is very important to attract people to media because there are many different ways people can be influenced by music because the way these music videos make the programme seen good or not because the first impressions are made by the audience watching the introduction of the programme which makes them appealed to the programme or not.
The way that the first one is slow, low pitch and rough it makes the programme sound and look boring, compared to the newer video they are more mixed with higher pitches, smoother and also got newer instruments which makes them seem they put more effort it which gets the audience interested to watch the programme.
Images are important as well because they need to be shown in a good way so that the audience are going be interested in the programme and that they get loyal people that would watch the programme always and stay loyal. There are pictures that would be used to attract people and they would use these to attract the audience.
Sound effects are used in media all the time because they show that they try to make things more realistic and more appealing to the audience because sound effects are used all the time and they help make things. They would use certain sound effects for different things because they are professional and they would use the right sound effect for the right situation. So if they know how to use the right sound effect then the audience would know that they are professional and know what they are doing.
Performers are the people who would be acting which are the people who make the show entertaining and also are the people who are watched that get the public to watch the programme, if the performers were bad actors then it would make the show rubbish and the people wouldn't watch the show. On the other hand if the performers were good then they would get more people watching the show because they are good performers and would cause them to get more views.
Costumes are the things that people wear when acting which makes the programme look more realistic because if the performers were wearing clothes which were more unrealistic then the audience wouldn't be interested because they know that the costume designers didn't put much effort into them which makes them not look professional. If they have costumes which look professional then they will think the programme is good because they have taken time to make the performers look good.
Props are also an element that make the media seem realistic because the way that if the props look real it will bring an effect to the audience because if it looks realistic then more people would think they are professional because the more realistic the props are the people will think that that they are professional and will think that the media is good and will get more viewers for example in a television programme. So if a television programme for example such as coronation street, if they had to portray a set of houses it would be better if they made a real house which may have been made with lighter and cheaper materials compared to using a large drawing which could get away with it but would be very risky to try and get away with.
Mise-en-scene has its own elements such as lighting, hair and make up, set premises and proxemics which would make up miss-en-scene. It also consists of costumes and props but I've already mentioned then above. Lighting is very important when dealing with a meaning because the way lights can show how people feel and show their emotions is a good way on showing that. For example if someone was angry and annoyed they would use red lighting to show his anger within the colour, compared to someone who is happy and jolly which would been shown by using the colour yellow as its bright and nice to see. Hair and make up is aimed at performers because the hair and make up is to make the performers look realistic in a situation for example if someone was in a car crash they would need make up such as cuts and bruises which would make it more realistic than them having no cuts. The set premises is important because there is where all the acting would be done which needs to be to the best condition so that the audience feel that it looks like a real set in the situation. If it was a barn and it didn't look like one then people would be disappointed because it needs to be what it is to get the audience into the feeling of the situation. Proxemics is the way that they give a feeling by using a space for example if there was a field and a couple were arguing then they would put a girl in the background to feel isolated and alone when her parents are arguing which gives the audience the feeling of her being upset and isolated.
Open and Closed narratives
Open is where there isn't a ending which means it will carry on and on, for example soap operas such as coronation street because at the end of each programme there is never a complete stop it carries on. Then a closed narrative is where it would come to an end so for example films because they start and always have a finish.
Single-strand and Multi-strand narratives
Single-strand is where there would be only one situation such as badman and multi-strand is where there is more then one situation such as all normal soaps such as coronation street and eastenders.
Series and Serials
Series would be such programmes as Friends because they would have a start and an end which would be separated into seasons because of the structure of always having a start and an end. Serials would be soaps because they just go on and on and don't stop.
Linear and non-linear
Linear goes forward and forward such as a film as the longest yard because they have a simple beginning, middle and ending. Then a non-linear would be a drama or film because you'll know the ending maybe before the middle and an example of this would be inside men which was a drama which you knew what happened at the end but find out how they did, what they did in the duration of the film or drama.
Realism, Realist and Anti-realist Realism is where it is internal logic to the film and the anti-realist when something goes against the films logic.
Denotation is literal understanding.
Connotation is what it means.
Sign - Signifiers - Signifieds
This was started by Ferdinand Saussure
Iconography- Motif
Anchorage- Helps us understand how something is meant to be understood.
Camera shots when they are at as point-of-view are very effective because you would get the person you are following as what they see, so when it goes into this point of view its very effective because you would be able to see how what that person might experience. This would be good in certain things such as real life/based films or programmes because if you do it as a real life thing you would be able to experience what the person has actually experienced and also how they experienced it.
SOAP
That the set of coronation street has expanded with being a studio based location to a real location base which made the set more realistic because the street looks more realistic and also people live there which brings a realistic atmosphere than a studio with a fake atmosphere from this is gives a verisimilitude feeling. Granda have invested a lot of money which helped them located to a real street and to get the street even more realistic by getting more props etc.
Broadcasting has changed on coronation street from broadcasting in black and white in the 1960s to coloured broadcasting in 1969. Then after 9 years of broadcasting in colour there was a situation were the camera staff wanted a pay rise but they didn't get what they requested so they chose not to use the newer equipment so on the 8th February, coronation street was broad casted in black and white and they used to record some days and do live shows because they didn't have enough time to do all the recording in a week, so they recorded on Wednesdays and did live performances on Friday. Then after achieving broadcasting in colour they then moved to tape from carrying on from film which made filming much quicker.
HD stands for high definition which coronation street announced in the early months of 2010 that they were going to use HD equipment and were going to film their episodes with it in May 2010. This then included the production teams equipment getting upgraded such as their cameras, production vehicles, lighting and editing facilities. They also got an upgrade from a standard definition tape based system to a state-of-the-art HD file based system.
The video that was shown on the web page we looked at we could see from the responses from the production team and everyone that was shown on the video said that it has changed the of filming by making it much easier for everyone that is in the production team. It has made the video recording clearer and has made the quality of the picture look amazing and clear which has benefited the production of the show. This is also making it quicker to make the clips which means it would save money because they aren't taking as long to make the clips which will save them money making them. This is all the impact that HD has done for coronation street.
This was shot with a P2 high definition which provides crane shots from rooftops. The P2 HD is used at 100 mbs using akegan cameras the polecam toshiba camera which adds drama.
Coronation street are looking to improve the show by moving their base to Manchester which will provide the show with a bigger space for the new production team which will also upgrade all their equipment, technology and facilities for the years of 2012/13, the place that they would be moving to is called media city.
PRINT
The ways that print has changed over the years are that because newspapers back in the day many years ago used to be printed singly which would have taken it much longer to process because there would have been many pages needed to be printed so they have advanced it by making printer which of course would make it quicker and easier to print pages. One example of a printer would be offset printer which is used by a plate which makes ink on a rubber-blanketed cylinder, which makes to go onto the paper. Rotary printing press is when you get a image and you curve it around a cyclinder
There has been newer printers that have been made to improve the printing side of print such as thermal, laser and screen printing. The most advanced printer that has been introduced in the print is digital press which is the printing of digital images which is good because this would make the newspaper more appealing and more people would want to buy and read it.
The internet is also a big part of print advancing in technology because the way that newspapers get put on the internet is good because it makes it easier for people to get newspapers while they are on the computer and would also save money because they wouldn't have to buy newspapers everyday. These all have have a advance in technology because they have increased technology level and made people able to access things much easier.
There are many materials that can provide us information which are newspapers, books, magazines and leaflets and the major one that provides us the most information and media would be newspapers which is the best for getting information. People used to get news from paperprint and they used to be passive reading which isn’t getting into the paper compared to online stories which would have a comment box at the bottom of the story which would make the it more interactive because people can involve themselves and to be interactive with other commenters and also newspapers are adding blogs into papers which are making them more interactive.
Another reason why people don't buy the newspapers that are on offer such as The Sun, Daily Mail and The Independent are people these days the transport centres such as trams and trains supply free metros which has caused people to not buy the newspapers which cost money because they know that they can go to a station and access and free metro. Also some people just go into the station and collect a newspaper so that they can get the update on the news without getting charged on a newspaper. The Metro wasn't a national or local paper we had the guardian for example which would be national also have the local version to where people lived. The metro was a niche product used for the connuters and this was there to cater for people's lifestyles.
Cultural Changes
SOAP
Question 1
British culture has changed quite a lot in the last quarter of the century because years ago there was many white people around and when you said British because you would normally see a family that have mixed from the countries England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland which made a white British background and this was the only ethnicity you would have seen. These days there has been a major increase in forgein cultures coming in Great Britain which has made British vary so much from not just having an all white background. They have British that are mixed from white and black, white and Turkish an similar backgrounds. These have changed the way people seeing each other by that everyone is British that lives in Great Britain and no-one will be discriminated by what ethnicity background you have.
Question 2
Britain is a multi-cultural society and we can see this from Coronation street because many years before when the show first got aired and show to the public there wasn't any other ethnicity than white because when the show was made which was in 1960 there wasn't many other ethnicity's than just white, so they didn't have any other cultural backgrounds, just white. We can now see that from the episodes that are present there are many different cultures that are involved in the episodes because these days they need to be realistic to the present day and because there are many different cultures in the episodes they have made it realistic so that people won't feel discriminated against.
This clips shows when the show was recently new and had a white cast and didn't have multi-cultural actors in it.
This clip shows more of a recent show in 2004 where Dev and Sunita get married and shows the way of how their culture get married and shows a multi-cultural event on a programme where before there would only have been white cast members.
Question 3
The British soaps have changed to more of a multi-cultural society because they have put more multi-cultural people in to make it more realistic. This has then made it more appealing to the audience because they would feel that it's more like real life then a fake representation of life. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBLaD3A2jic&feature=fvst this is a clip on youtube which shows a clip of coronation street in the 1960s.
Youth culture has had an impact on British soaps because in the 1960s they didn't have as much youth characters which would have made less youth watch the programme because it wouldn't relate to them but because there was more adults which related to the adults which made the figures of adults watching more of this programme then youths. The picture on the right shows the casting of Coronation street in the 1960s where there are no youth characters which is the cause of more adults watching the programme. The result of less youth watching the programmes was a big impact on the directors decision by involving more youth characters in the cast of the shows. The impact of them adding more youth characters in the programmes has made the show's publicity increase a lot because they had youth and older generations watch the programmes. The picture below on the left shows the cast of Coronation street 2011 which has children, teenagers and adults in their cast which has help the publicity of Coronation street increase.
Question 5
Another cultural change that had a impact on British soap operas was that different cultural restaurants and shops came to Great Britain and caused the soap to also bring them into their episodes. In the days before more forgein shops and restaurants came there was only take aways such as fish and chip shops and they has full English breakfast cafes but these days there are much more forgein foods that are now around such as kebab shops, Indian and Chinese restaurant which is realistic because there are many shops and restaurants around these days. They bring in these so that it shows that more cultures have come into Great Britain which is good because it shows that different cultures have come into Britain and showing that they can fit in and people would enjoy the food.
The picture on the top is a picture of a kebab shop that is coronation street which is a different cultured shop with the traditional kebab meat and on the bottom is a cafe that is a traditional English cafe because they do the full-English breakfast which is a traditional English food.
Task One
1. The countries that watch eastenders aboard that are main viewers are Canada, India and Switzerland.
2. There are many countries that watch eastenders because they go around the world with loads of countries.
3. I didn't expect to see these results because after seeing these I thought to myself that because eastenders is a British show I would think that it would be watched by only British people but I think that it is a very good thing that they get broad casted around the world because the publicity will be very high.
4. The surprises of this would be knowing that eastenders gets broad casted in India is amazing that it get broad casted on the other side of the world.
Task Two
1. I think it is shown in other countries because they want their publicity to go up because they probably think that they need to increase their publicity which would help them overall as a programme because they will show that people would want to watch their programme which would also get them profit from people watching them.
2. Anyone watches the programmes because it is a programme that is made for anyone to watch that can relate to peoples normal day lives.
3. They watch it to see how people in England might live because the programme is made to show how the English culture live and act every living day.
Task Three
1. The ways that eastenders are shown around are by them making actual channels that eastenders would be shown around the world because it would be cheaper than actually paying other channels to broad cast their episodes.
2. They would watch the episodes on special channels that are made for the countries that want to watch it such as BBC1, they sometimes also watch programmes on channels that would show channel one in England being on a countries transfer channel.
3. The episodes would be shown on BBC iplayer as well because it is a catch up website.
4. Technology helps eastenders being broad casted around the world because the internet needs technology for it to show episodes of eastenders all over Britain and also the world.
5. Some countries would show subtitles on eastenders in another country because they might not know the English language which would need them to have subtitles.
PRINT
Multi-nationalism in print is very good for business terms and also helping people find information about different countries etc. It is good because in different countries they would have all newspapers from different countries such as for example Turkey have such newspapers as The Sun, Daily Mirror and magazines such as the Heat. This is good to have because its shows that they are doing this so that when tourists come out to different countries they would be able to read about whats happening in the country they come from and also the country would get extra money from getting money from the sales of the paper.
We can overall see that people are mixing around in different countries because if they are investing in newspapers from different countries then it shows that people will want to read them and because people from that country wouldn't be that interested in those newspapers, so then the tourists would read those papers not the people that actually come from and live in that country. Multinational print can be used in the term of a producer who would make things and then show them to the public which are then the consumers. A good example of a producer that has made himself multinational in print is Rupert Murdoch who is an American business man within print fro example he made his own print products in England and Australia which is a great achievement from coming all the way from America. He has also has a news enterprise in the USA and from all this makes him a multinational producer. Then with the consumers they would receive and get all these print items, in history BBC world servers (radio) which helped the online news get more views because the listeners on the world servers have been loyal viewers which makes a loyal listenership, they also made the online news have different languages which makes it multinational because they provide different languages on the online news website.
Economic reasons
PRINT
Activity one
Part 1:
They have said that there are newspapers that have cost more than £1 like the Daily Telegraph and same as the Independent while the financial times retail at £2 but sell the newspaper at 90p which they lose out on £1.10p.
Part 2:
That the prices of the newspapers have risen by 20p from £1-£1.20p on Monday-Friday papers and the weekend papers have also risen by 20p from £1.90-£2.10p. They also raised the price because of the rivals the newspaper has which are the Daily Telegraph, Times and The Independent which are cost at £1 but on saturdays they were priced at DT- 90p, T-£1.50p and TI- £1.60p which are high priced which they would need to put their prices higher so they will have a chance to make profit and get their newspaper publicity.
Activity two
Circulation is a newspaper circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day.
Readership is the readers of a newspaper, magazine, or book regarded collectively: "it has a readership of 100 million".
That the guardian is having a circulation of 230,541 on an average daily circulation which is good because that is a lot of copies which at the price of the guardian is quite good because it has raised up to £1.20p on the week days and on the weekend it has risen to £2.10p which is a goos pricing for the newspapers to be sold. On the week days they are making £1,383,246 and on the weekend they make £968,272.20p so if we can see they make a nice amount on money from an estimate with the statistics of the daily circulation and the prices of the newspapers. Its a broadsheet and not a tabloid because of the prices.
Activity three
The daily circulation has increased from 2010 to 2012 because the competition has got much harder to sell newspapers.
1. I believe that this is good because they are making more sales with the amount of daily circulations being produced.
2. The other reason is that because of the rivals they have made the increase in daily circulation.
I have research on the internet and found The Sun newspaper which cost 14p in the 1980s which I have a picture of and shows that the paper cost 14p in 1980 and now in 2012 it cost 30p which mean over the years it has got more expensive and the economy has increased which has made the papers get more expensive and increase by 16p in 32 years. There is a paper that is from 1992 and it is priced at 25p which shows it has increased slowly not just a instant increase in price, so we can see that the newspapers have increased but slowly. I researched on the internet and found out that the Telegraph has subscriptions which made the money from the selling of the newspapers on the other hand, The Independent always had adverts in the newspaper which made their revenue. The Guardian was a free newspaper but they started to put more adverts in to make more revenue and end with a profit.
SOAP
Task 1
Stunts and complex physical action aren’t often in soaps, especially in daytime serials. Such story events often take place offscreen and are referred to in dialogue instead of being shown. This is because stunts or action scenes are difficult to adequately depict visually without complex action, multiple takes, and post production editing. When episodes were broadcast live, post production work was impossible. Though all serials have long switched to being taped, extensive post production work and multiple takes, while possible, are not feasible due to the tight taping schedules and low budgets. Some soaps employ a number of conventions, and many researchers have attempted to list some of the typical characteristics. e.g. , Sonia Livingstone [1990 : 54] believes the common soap opera features include :transmission at regular, frequent times, often daily; predominantly aimed at female viewers , occupying day-time/early evening slots; use of fairly constant and large cast, over many
years, and a faithful audience; cheap production costs, regarded as low
prestige entertainment; concern with daily activities, centred on a small
community and/or large family; simulation of real time and realistic events; interwoven narratives, with overlapping resolutions; 'cliff-hangers' to ensure committed viewing; focus on female characters and 'feminine' or domestic concerns. to give further dimension to these characteristic features, one should also consider Brown's list [cited in Fiske, 1987 : 179/80] : resists narrative closure; multiple characters and plots; abrupt segmentation between parts; emphasis on dialogue, problem solving and intimate conversation; male characters are generally 'sensitive men'; female characters who are often professional or otherwise powerful in the world outside the home; the home, or some place that functions as a home, as the setting for the show.
Task 2
Eastenders had to cut down to 16 actors per episode because of the recession which caused them to cut down the amount of actors acting in one episode and to also had to let such actors leave like Sid Owen, who plays Ricky Butcher, and Danniella Westbrook, better known as Sam Mitchell. They have saved from this, the savings, including a freeze on executive pay and reduced fees for the biggest stars, followed 7,200 job cuts over the previous four-and-a-half years. The annual budget for EastEnders remains a closely guarded secret.
Task 3
The BBC spent an amount of £102.5m last year on six TV soaps – including
EastEnders, Casualty, Holby City and Doctors which they then drop 20% of
overall in real terms in the past eight years.
Task 4
The show eastenders,
got £700,000 on their anniversary half-hour show that was live which happened last year. The corporation bosses have an extra million pound which was over and above costs which was needed to fund the 25th anniversary programme.
The figures reveal in a report by the National Audit Office (NAO) into the way the BBC manages the costs of a continuing drama, also this shows the Eastenders soap will spend around £7 million on cast this year. this information shows the amount spent on the soap is increasing.
The cost of six key dramas, like EastEnders and Casualty, has reduced by a fifth in real terms over the past eight years.
With the audience declining, the NAO study shows that the cost per viewers from the six programmes had actually risen by 9% in actual terms over the same time of periods.
Changes in style
PRINT
Activity one
Part 1:
They have said that there are newspapers that have cost more than £1 like the Daily Telegraph and same as the Independent while the financial times retail at £2 but sell the newspaper at 90p which they lose out on £1.10p.
Part 2:
That the prices of the newspapers have risen by 20p from £1-£1.20p on Monday-Friday papers and the weekend papers have also risen by 20p from £1.90-£2.10p. They also raised the price because of the rivals the newspaper has which are the Daily Telegraph, Times and The Independent which are cost at £1 but on saturdays they were priced at DT- 90p, T-£1.50p and TI- £1.60p which are high priced which they would need to put their prices higher so they will have a chance to make profit and get their newspaper publicity.
Activity two
Circulation is a newspaper circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day.
Readership is the readers of a newspaper, magazine, or book regarded collectively: "it has a readership of 100 million".
That the guardian is having a circulation of 230,541 on an average daily circulation which is good because that is a lot of copies which at the price of the guardian is quite good because it has raised up to £1.20p on the week days and on the weekend it has risen to £2.10p which is a goos pricing for the newspapers to be sold. On the week days they are making £1,383,246 and on the weekend they make £968,272.20p so if we can see they make a nice amount on money from an estimate with the statistics of the daily circulation and the prices of the newspapers. Its a broadsheet and not a tabloid because of the prices.
Activity three
The daily circulation has increased from 2010 to 2012 because the competition has got much harder to sell newspapers.
1. I believe that this is good because they are making more sales with the amount of daily circulations being produced.
2. The other reason is that because of the rivals they have made the increase in daily circulation.
SOAP
Task 1
Stunts and complex physical action aren’t often in soaps, especially in
daytime serials. Such story events often take place offscreen and are referred to in dialogue instead of being shown. This is because stunts or action scenes are difficult to adequately depict visually without complex action, multiple takes, and post production editing. When episodes were broadcast live, post production work was impossible. Though all serials have long switched to being taped, extensive post production work and multiple takes, while possible, are not feasible due to the tight taping schedules and low budgets. Some soaps employ a number of conventions, and many researchers have attempted to list some of the typical characteristics. e.g. , Sonia Livingstone [1990 : 54] believes the common soap opera features include :transmission at regular, frequent times, often daily; predominantly aimed at female viewers , occupying day-time/early evening slots; use of fairly constant and large cast, over many
years, and a faithful audience; cheap production costs, regarded as low
prestige entertainment; concern with daily activities, centred on a small
community and/or large family; simulation of real time and realistic events; interwoven narratives, with overlapping resolutions; 'cliff-hangers' to ensure committed viewing; focus on female characters and 'feminine' or domestic concerns. to give further dimension to these characteristic features, one should also consider Brown's list [cited in Fiske, 1987 : 179/80] : resists narrative closure; multiple characters and plots; abrupt segmentation between parts; emphasis on dialogue, problem solving and intimate conversation; male characters are generally 'sensitive men'; female characters who are often professional or otherwise powerful in the world outside the home; the home, or some place that functions as a home, as the setting for the show.
Task 2
Eastenders had to cut down to 16 actors per episode because of the recession which caused them to cut down the amount of actors acting in one episode and to also had to let such actors leave like Sid Owen, who plays Ricky Butcher, and Danniella Westbrook, better known as Sam Mitchell. They have saved from this, the savings, including a freeze on executive pay and reduced fees for the biggest stars, followed 7,200 job cuts over the previous four-and-a-half years. The annual budget for EastEnders remains a closely guarded secret.
Task 3
The BBC spent an amount of £102.5m last year on six TV soaps – including
EastEnders, Casualty, Holby City and Doctors which they then drop 20% of
overall in real terms in the past eight years.
Task 4
The show eastenders,
got £700,000 on their anniversary half-hour show that was live which happened last year. The corporation bosses have an extra million pound which was over and above costs which was needed to fund the 25th anniversary programme.
The figures reveal in a report by the National Audit Office (NAO) into the way the BBC manages the costs of a continuing drama, also this shows the Eastenders soap will spend around £7 million on cast this year. this information shows the amount spent on the soap is increasing.
The cost of six key dramas, like EastEnders and Casualty, has reduced by a fifth in real terms over the past eight years.
With the audience declining, the NAO study shows that the cost per viewers from the six programmes had actually risen by 9% in actual terms over the same time of periods.
Changes in content
PRINT
These are 2 pictures of the times from one being from around the 1960-70s and the other one to the right is from the noughts which shows the comparison between both of the newspapers. There are many differences between both papers which are for example the masthead in the older paper is more of a stylish and posh masthead while the newer paper has more of a independent and bold masthead because its more up-to-date and shows its more common. The caption is also different between the 2 because the older one is a picture of the Titanic which is in black and white while the newer one is in colour which shows the development of cameras. Then both of these papers have justified text for certain articles and this shows that both papers shows the same amount of information from around 30-40 years ago.
These are now 2 papers of The Sun from the noughts and around 1960-70s and in these 2 papers we can see differences such as the older one has no sort of advertising but in the newer one we can see advert which says to win a prize which is a maor difference to the newspapers. Also the headlines are much different because over the years the headline have changed from around the 1960s always talking and writing about the royal family to the noughts when they talk and write the celebrities which shows that the royal family aren't always talked about now that the celebrities have gained a lot of publicity.
Older Episodes
The older episodes had more of white people than any other race because there wasn't as much races in the realistic than just mainly white people. In this era there was more of working class people because of the sort of money people were earning in that era wasn't good which caused people to be put in the group of working class people. The people were older such as middled aged people because in the episodes there wasn't very young people which cause the audience to be a older age group because there was only old people in the episodes. The woman weren't treated as well as they are now because it was shown in a man's point of view which was good but it would be seen as sexism now because everyone is equal. In this era the main situation which would cause conflict between people would be that a man and woman would live together but they wouldn't be married which would have caused conflict.
A episode that is a bit newer
The episodes that were newer were more questioning of the genders seeing who's position was more important and was more in charge or equal. In this era the men were more dominate in the society because the men were to be said as the more able and hard working gender because they said that the men were the workers while the women had to stay at home while they did all the cleaning and that.
Newer episodes
The era of this was more accepting because they had people that for example came out from being gay and weren't scared of what people thought and that they could be equal to every because they were homosexual. The stereotypical view on homosexuals are that they want everything clean and are just like big children because they seem like they are just childish and always wanting to have fun which isn't correct because some homosexuals are the opposite. There was a lot of active and passive reception to people with coronation street because people either watched the programme or had it just playing in background.
Newest episode
In the newest episodes they have changed from scenes that have only had white people in them because of the era they were in a era where there was more white people in the community but it has has a change in ethnic diversity and is more of a multi-cultural society now because the show have changed it to be more realistic and because in England and the cities of England there are many different cultures, so because coronation street want more people to watch it then they have changed it to be more realistic so that it appeals to everyone. The era of the episodes also show that women are more dependent and can do what they want because in this era of the society men and women are equal unlike 50 years ago.
