Iconography in text shows the genre codes of narrative, characterization, themes and setting- a familiar stock of images or motifs, the connotations of which have become fixed; the visual things that are included are decor, costume and objects, certain 'typecast' performers, familiar patterns of dialogue, characters sound and music, and appropriate physical topography. Social realist who make films have used the term iconography of narrow streets lined with tiny urban dwellings in establishing shots of northern industrial towns to show economic hardship.
A french man called Roland Barthes introduced the concept of anchorage. Linguistic elements in a text (such as a caption) the preferred readings of an image (conversely the illustrative use of an image can anchor an ambiguous verbal text,
Denotation is defined as literal, obvious or commonsense meaning of a sign. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. So the linguistic sign " Ferrari" on an f450 spider denotate an Italian road car made by the makers Ferrari. The word connotation is used to refer to the socio-cultural and personal associations of a sign. These are typically related to the interpreter's class, ages, gender and ethnicity. The word Ferrari would conotate high economic status and middle age because the people we see with the people you see having the cars and also the price of them. The signs are more open to interpretation in their conotation than their denotation.
Signfied(signifie): For Saussure, the sigmfier was one part of the sign. Saussure's signified is the mental concept represented by the signfier. Signfiers (signifiant): For Saussure, this was the other part of the sign. In the Saussurean tradition, the signfied is the form which a sign takes. Ferdinand Saussure proposed that a word or sign links a concept (signfied) with a sound or image (signfier). There relationship between the signfier and signfied is arbitrary. Words or signs are merely arbitrary man-made concepts sighnfiers on their own mean nothing. A sigh only has meaning as a part of a system. The meaning of words or signs emerges out of the differences that set them apart from other signs within the overarching system/structure. Modern semiotics involves the study not only of what we refer to as signs in everyday speech, but of anything which stands for something else. In a semiotic sense, signs take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Comtemporay semioticians study signs not in isolation but as part of semiotic sign systems. They study how meaning are made: as such, being concerbed not only with comminication but also with the construction but also with the construction and maintenance of reality. Semiotics and that branch of linguistics known as semantics have a common concern with the meaning of signs, but whereas semantics focuses on what words mean, semiotics is concerned with how signs mean.
Choice of fonts
The choice of fonts is important because it can show if the newspaper is more professional and is more classy because we can see from newspapers if they have fonts that look messy then the overall newspaper would get a bad view.
We can see from The Independent that it is presented really well and the font chose that they used looks very professional because it looks intellectual which makes the whole newspaper look very well presented. The type of font they have used makes the editor of the newspaper look like he has made the newspaper which a lot of hard work has been put into it which is all shown by just the font.
This picture shows The Sun newspaper which is a different newspaper compared to The Independent because the sort of font that is used on this picture is more just casual font which makes the newspaper look more casual and not as much professional as The Independent which isn't a bad thing but more people would look at The Sun and say that it looks unprofessional which because of the use of slang words etc and wouldn't pick this over The Independent because they would feel that The Suns information would be less accurate compared to The Independent.
This is a clip of the old Coronation street theme tune which has the involvement of instruments such as the trumpet, saxophone and also these sorts of instruments which makes the theme music sound more dull and makes the music sound upsetting in a slow tune with thick sounds because in those days they didn't have instruments that were that up to date, they didn't have things that would have made it more exciting and appealing just quite boring to the public. This gave a boring look to the actual programme.
This is a source from the sun which shows the whole incident with Chelsea vs Tottenham which is mainly aimed at the referee thinking that goal was a goal where clearly we can see from the photograph that it didn't go in.
We can see in this picture that the ball didn't go in but from some people's view they think that the ball did go over the line. This picture that the press got of the photographer caused them to talk about the whole situation of the ball not actually going in but inconsideration people think it went in when they watched it live and people think it didn't.
In this camera angle we can see that the ball didn't cross the line which brings the whole meaning of the goal actually not going in which gave the discussion of the goal being allowed or not.
In this camera angle we can see that the ball went in the net which would be classed as a goal and because there was so many pictures from different angles people didn't know if the goal was a goal or the referee got the wrong decision so people still have their opinions but people who support Chelsea of course would class this as a goal but other fans wouldn't.
Cropping
Cropping is when you get a picture and if it is too big and you needs to make it smaller or even get a certain part of the picture without the surroundings you would use crop which helps you cut the picture. The picture would be cropped so that they get a certain part of the main picture.
Sizing
The use of captions are good to have with a picture because the way that some people would look at a picture they might not have a clue on what the picture is about, which makes the caption useful because the people would be able to know about the picture and know the meaning of the picture. The caption would have the information about the picture with also talking about the meaning of the picture.
Use of stars
Stars are people who are famous such as celebrities which are good at doing what they do. In this stars would be a very big influence on a soap if a big actor came to a soap which would help the views of the show increase if a well known actor/actress joins a soap or any programme. For example with a programme that have done this is 'Friends' which have brought many famous actors and actresses which have brought many viewers to the show because it would have a good effect on the show. For example with Friends they have featured such famous actors and actresses such as Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Bruce Willis, Reese Witherspoon, Julia Roberts and Anna Faris. These actors and actresses would bring many viewers to watch Friends because for example George Clooney is loved for his good looks and loved by the women, so the women would want to watch him in Friends because hes a good actor and people would want to watch him. A actress that has been good for Friends would be Anna Faris because she is known for being the simple and stupid woman off scary movie and because she is the main character of them movies, then people would want to see how she will be in Friends which will get the scary movie fans to watch Friends. We can see from these actors and actresses that it has increased the Friends viewers because more people have followed the favourite actors which has lead them to watch the programmes they have been in.
Soap Codes
There are codes that are in soaps to bring feeling to the audience which are in the categories Camera shots, Editing, Sound and Mise-en-Scene. The one i am going to be talking about which will bring tension to the soap is crosscutting which is under editing. This is when the editor will cut one scene and switch to the next scene to bring tension. So for example two people would be talk about how they are going to hide the dead body and before they say where they are going to put it, they then switch to another scene to make us want to know what they were going to say. So that brought tension because we want to know what they are going to do with the body.
Elements in media to create meaning
Colour would be used to bring attraction to the media product or what they are showing to people. The thing with colours is that you can either use bright and attractive colours or dark and dull colours, this would bring an effect to the people who are looking at the media product or service. If using dark and dull colours it would bring a boring and negative to the media. They would use bright colours to show happiness and joy compared to dark colours are used for sadness and to give a negative effect to media.
A french man called Roland Barthes introduced the concept of anchorage. Linguistic elements in a text (such as a caption) the preferred readings of an image (conversely the illustrative use of an image can anchor an ambiguous verbal text,
Denotation is defined as literal, obvious or commonsense meaning of a sign. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. So the linguistic sign " Ferrari" on an f450 spider denotate an Italian road car made by the makers Ferrari. The word connotation is used to refer to the socio-cultural and personal associations of a sign. These are typically related to the interpreter's class, ages, gender and ethnicity. The word Ferrari would conotate high economic status and middle age because the people we see with the people you see having the cars and also the price of them. The signs are more open to interpretation in their conotation than their denotation.
Signfied(signifie): For Saussure, the sigmfier was one part of the sign. Saussure's signified is the mental concept represented by the signfier. Signfiers (signifiant): For Saussure, this was the other part of the sign. In the Saussurean tradition, the signfied is the form which a sign takes. Ferdinand Saussure proposed that a word or sign links a concept (signfied) with a sound or image (signfier). There relationship between the signfier and signfied is arbitrary. Words or signs are merely arbitrary man-made concepts sighnfiers on their own mean nothing. A sigh only has meaning as a part of a system. The meaning of words or signs emerges out of the differences that set them apart from other signs within the overarching system/structure. Modern semiotics involves the study not only of what we refer to as signs in everyday speech, but of anything which stands for something else. In a semiotic sense, signs take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and objects. Comtemporay semioticians study signs not in isolation but as part of semiotic sign systems. They study how meaning are made: as such, being concerbed not only with comminication but also with the construction but also with the construction and maintenance of reality. Semiotics and that branch of linguistics known as semantics have a common concern with the meaning of signs, but whereas semantics focuses on what words mean, semiotics is concerned with how signs mean.
Choice of fonts
The choice of fonts is important because it can show if the newspaper is more professional and is more classy because we can see from newspapers if they have fonts that look messy then the overall newspaper would get a bad view.
We can see from The Independent that it is presented really well and the font chose that they used looks very professional because it looks intellectual which makes the whole newspaper look very well presented. The type of font they have used makes the editor of the newspaper look like he has made the newspaper which a lot of hard work has been put into it which is all shown by just the font.
This picture shows The Sun newspaper which is a different newspaper compared to The Independent because the sort of font that is used on this picture is more just casual font which makes the newspaper look more casual and not as much professional as The Independent which isn't a bad thing but more people would look at The Sun and say that it looks unprofessional which because of the use of slang words etc and wouldn't pick this over The Independent because they would feel that The Suns information would be less accurate compared to The Independent.
This is why it is important to make sure you present your work well and to make sure that the font you are using is professional looking so that you would be seen as a good newspaper company.
Theme Music and Music Beds
This is a clip of the end of the show which plays the theme tune at the end which has developed a lot from the older theme tune. They haven't change the actual tune, they have just changed the musical instruments and given it a better beat which has lifted the mood of the programme because they have made it more technical and because it's more modern it makes the public get attracted to it more which is good because it's new and it should be modernised and made better because there is facilities that can do that so why not change it.
Overall the change of the theme tune has changed because of the technology change since the beginning of coronation street. The theme tune is really important for the beginning of a programme because if someone has never seen the show before the theme tune would be the first thing they hear so it needs to be appealing to the audience so they would stay and watch it and not think its dull then watch something else. So changing the theme tune to more modern was a good idea from the theme tune producer to update it.
Choice of camera angles
This is a source from the sun which shows the whole incident with Chelsea vs Tottenham which is mainly aimed at the referee thinking that goal was a goal where clearly we can see from the photograph that it didn't go in.
We can see in this picture that the ball didn't go in but from some people's view they think that the ball did go over the line. This picture that the press got of the photographer caused them to talk about the whole situation of the ball not actually going in but inconsideration people think it went in when they watched it live and people think it didn't.
In this camera angle we can see that the ball didn't cross the line which brings the whole meaning of the goal actually not going in which gave the discussion of the goal being allowed or not.
In this camera angle we can see that the ball went in the net which would be classed as a goal and because there was so many pictures from different angles people didn't know if the goal was a goal or the referee got the wrong decision so people still have their opinions but people who support Chelsea of course would class this as a goal but other fans wouldn't.
Cropping
Cropping is when you get a picture and if it is too big and you needs to make it smaller or even get a certain part of the picture without the surroundings you would use crop which helps you cut the picture. The picture would be cropped so that they get a certain part of the main picture.
Sizing
Sizing would be changing the size of the photo for example when you have a picture and its bigger than the original picture then it will be more eye catching than a really small picture because when its big and you walk past it, it would catch your eyes.
Use of captions
The use of captions are good to have with a picture because the way that some people would look at a picture they might not have a clue on what the picture is about, which makes the caption useful because the people would be able to know about the picture and know the meaning of the picture. The caption would have the information about the picture with also talking about the meaning of the picture.
Use of stars
Stars are people who are famous such as celebrities which are good at doing what they do. In this stars would be a very big influence on a soap if a big actor came to a soap which would help the views of the show increase if a well known actor/actress joins a soap or any programme. For example with a programme that have done this is 'Friends' which have brought many famous actors and actresses which have brought many viewers to the show because it would have a good effect on the show. For example with Friends they have featured such famous actors and actresses such as Brad Pitt, George Clooney, Bruce Willis, Reese Witherspoon, Julia Roberts and Anna Faris. These actors and actresses would bring many viewers to watch Friends because for example George Clooney is loved for his good looks and loved by the women, so the women would want to watch him in Friends because hes a good actor and people would want to watch him. A actress that has been good for Friends would be Anna Faris because she is known for being the simple and stupid woman off scary movie and because she is the main character of them movies, then people would want to see how she will be in Friends which will get the scary movie fans to watch Friends. We can see from these actors and actresses that it has increased the Friends viewers because more people have followed the favourite actors which has lead them to watch the programmes they have been in.
Soap conventions.
The conventions for a soap that will be expected to be in soap episodes, these are subjects that are seen on the soaps:
The conventions for a soap that will be expected to be in soap episodes, these are subjects that are seen on the soaps:
Soap Codes
There are codes that are in soaps to bring feeling to the audience which are in the categories Camera shots, Editing, Sound and Mise-en-Scene. The one i am going to be talking about which will bring tension to the soap is crosscutting which is under editing. This is when the editor will cut one scene and switch to the next scene to bring tension. So for example two people would be talk about how they are going to hide the dead body and before they say where they are going to put it, they then switch to another scene to make us want to know what they were going to say. So that brought tension because we want to know what they are going to do with the body.
Elements in media to create meaning
There are many elements that would bring a meaning into the media such as colour, language, text, music, images, sound effects, performers, costumes, props and mise-en-scene.
Colour would be used to bring attraction to the media product or what they are showing to people. The thing with colours is that you can either use bright and attractive colours or dark and dull colours, this would bring an effect to the people who are looking at the media product or service. If using dark and dull colours it would bring a boring and negative to the media. They would use bright colours to show happiness and joy compared to dark colours are used for sadness and to give a negative effect to media.
Language is the way they speak for example if they are speaking more formally or slangy which can make people decide if they want to read or watch the media that has been set in either language. Formal would be more information and more facts while slangy would be more shorten and aimed at more street words. The formal would be for adults and people that what more adult situations, then slangy media would be aimed at teenagers because they feel that it relates to them which gets them interested for example dramas like 'TOP BOY' compared to formal films such as 'The Kings Speech'.
Text is usually used in print formats such as newspapers and magazines, the way that it is set out is either formal text and more slangy text. Formal text would be used in such newspapers such as 'The Independent' which is more formal and they are for people that what more sophisticated words and sentences compared to the 'The Sun' which consists of more common words and aimed at more common people.
Music is very important to attract people to media because there are many different ways people can be influenced by music because the way these music videos make the programme seen good or not because the first impressions are made by the audience watching the introduction of the programme which makes them appealed to the programme or not.
The way that the first one is slow, low pitch and rough it makes the programme sound and look boring, compared to the newer video they are more mixed with higher pitches, smoother and also got newer instruments which makes them seem they put more effort it which gets the audience interested to watch the programme.
Images are important as well because they need to be shown in a good way so that the audience are going be interested in the programme and that they get loyal people that would watch the programme always and stay loyal. There are pictures that would be used to attract people and they would use these to attract the audience.
Sound effects are used in media all the time because they show that they try to make things more realistic and more appealing to the audience because sound effects are used all the time and they help make things. They would use certain sound effects for different things because they are professional and they would use the right sound effect for the right situation. So if they know how to use the right sound effect then the audience would know that they are professional and know what they are doing.
Performers are the people who would be acting which are the people who make the show entertaining and also are the people who are watched that get the public to watch the programme, if the performers were bad actors then it would make the show rubbish and the people wouldn't watch the show. On the other hand if the performers were good then they would get more people watching the show because they are good performers and would cause them to get more views.
Costumes are the things that people wear when acting which makes the programme look more realistic because if the performers were wearing clothes which were more unrealistic then the audience wouldn't be interested because they know that the costume designers didn't put much effort into them which makes them not look professional. If they have costumes which look professional then they will think the programme is good because they have taken time to make the performers look good.
Props are also an element that make the media seem realistic because the way that if the props look real it will bring an effect to the audience because if it looks realistic then more people would think they are professional because the more realistic the props are the people will think that that they are professional and will think that the media is good and will get more viewers for example in a television programme. So if a television programme for example such as coronation street, if they had to portray a set of houses it would be better if they made a real house which may have been made with lighter and cheaper materials compared to using a large drawing which could get away with it but would be very risky to try and get away with.
Mise-en-scene has its own elements such as lighting, hair and make up, set premises and proxemics which would make up miss-en-scene. It also consists of costumes and props but I've already mentioned then above. Lighting is very important when dealing with a meaning because the way lights can show how people feel and show their emotions is a good way on showing that. For example if someone was angry and annoyed they would use red lighting to show his anger within the colour, compared to someone who is happy and jolly which would been shown by using the colour yellow as its bright and nice to see. Hair and make up is aimed at performers because the hair and make up is to make the performers look realistic in a situation for example if someone was in a car crash they would need make up such as cuts and bruises which would make it more realistic than them having no cuts. The set premises is important because there is where all the acting would be done which needs to be to the best condition so that the audience feel that it looks like a real set in the situation. If it was a barn and it didn't look like one then people would be disappointed because it needs to be what it is to get the audience into the feeling of the situation. Proxemics is the way that they give a feeling by using a space for example if there was a field and a couple were arguing then they would put a girl in the background to feel isolated and alone when her parents are arguing which gives the audience the feeling of her being upset and isolated.
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